And one shot of BPR than focus on the improvement of BPM as moisten things silently in the rain.
"Chinese enterprises need to understand the implementation of information change, or hope of success is really not." Manager Liu said this is a manufacturing enterprise in Nanjing former CIO, ERP project failed because he had got this to work 10 years of business class.
Mr.Liu where large-scale manufacturing enterprises, this information can not be a bad atmosphere - CEO and board support, adequate funding, the introduction of ERP is an international top suite, hired well-known implementation of the party; In addition, the Manager Liu I do marketing background, familiar with the enterprise business processes. No matter from which point of view, this company's information is no reason not successful, but it is failed. This allows the original complacent, hoping through the implementation of ERP to further enhance their position in the company's Manager Liu deeply lost. Where is the problem in the end? "There is no realization of the process management is the leading causes of the failure of the project. This lesson too!" Manager Liu concluded.
Curing the failure of
Before the implementation of ERP, Manager Liu's company, from management to general staff on several ERP hearts reverence, although they really have "must be from the reality of the company, for ERP implementation" of the concept, but in the implementation process, the basic on or in accordance with the "first curing re-optimization" of the methodology, the framework of the ERP package, re-engineering of the structure and processes. To this end, they had a massive BPR (Business Process Reengineering, Business Process Reengineering). Face the pressure of BPR, president of the General Assembly, even in the middle leadership speaking out, "even if the wrong ERP process must obey" this is the case.
Thus, in three months, the manufacturing enterprises to achieve an organizational structure and process of revolution, and its curing by ERP down. ERP on-line at the moment, the project team of people think has been successful, but the question immediately followed the joy of this brief washes.
BPR stage in the implementation side and with them came out Mr.Liu new business process, despite repeated research, modify and finalized the process looks very perfect, process optimization than the original lot. However, in practice, these processes are flawed, do not go nearly execution. Example, the equipment they manufacture there are some core components to be imported, while the inventory in accordance with the minimum of 瑕佹眰 ERP optimized process to the Zhezhong equipment order is confirmed, Jitongcaiji procurement Bumen issued procurement directives, but the import customs Shencha Lingjian O'clock, is will not consider business a minimum inventory requirements for approval to change their own pace. In this case, ERP set simply not carry on in the process. Indeed affect the body in the ERP, we should modify such a complex process that links do not seem to involve financial, scheduling, manufacturing, maintenance, human resources and other processes, is very complicated.
Optimized process problems not only this, many similar problems do not seem to accumulate large, in fact, the entire business process needs to be an upgrade, reconfigure the entire ERP system. This work is also a large ERP implementation than from scratch. This theory of the first cure, and then optimize the implementation of the method of curing before eventually ended in failure, then the outcome is still curing. When this curing operation and business of the actual conflict, the enterprise can only slow the process to the original "return", the final lot of money into the ERP system has gradually become a decoration. "From the beginning, our understanding of business processes not in place, designed the process is idealized, and corporate real significant difference, which ultimately led to our failure." Today, Manager Liu finally understand this point, but to understand too late.
Improved changes
In fact, this manufacturing enterprise information more accurately, the failure of BPR is in danger of losing the hand. Weak foundation for the management of Chinese enterprises, BPR is like a revolutionary,-break, at once dramatic change, used poorly, it could be a fatal decoction. This is also the information of Chinese enterprises into one of the reasons power is not high. In this case, more and more companies paying attention to the upgrade version of BPR - BPM (Business Process Management, Business Process Management).
Since 2004, the German Siemens Group began with BPM methodology, using a software called the ARIS for the whole group established a standard business process model, named the "standard procedure library" (Reference Process House). The process library covers the management processes CRM, SCM, PLM and service / support services. In the future, Siemens will use the "standard procedure library" to coordinate all business processes involved in IT project implementation. That is the "standard procedure library" will serve as the Siemens standard architecture defines 40 countries in the world, more than 120 branches of the business processes.
As the world's largest enterprise groups, Siemens process than previously mentioned that home is much more complicated manufacturing enterprises in Nanjing, but through the use of BPM, Siemens enterprise establishment process based on the model, avoiding the implementation of information curing the risk of successful implementation, including CRM, SCM, PLM, etc., information technology project.
On Business Process Management BPM to achieve the first step is to use the pictures from different angles the way businesses of all clearly demonstrate the process. ARIS software framework to abstract business processes, and on paper or through the Microsoft VISIO business process mapping software to draw different, this process is with a database management software, which built the manufacturing, chemicals, energy, retail and other different industry process module, the industries in which companies can own module basis, and then draw all of their business processes. Linkages between this process, and to business organizations, positions, Shu Ju, applications, products, services, Ye Wu 鎿嶄綔 the elements in contact with other management, Bing come and go Butong perspective Fenxi Yu management enterprise business Tiji . Between different processes, achieved through the contact link. If you want to modify a small process, it involves other processes will be automatically adjusted.
Lenovo has also adopted this process management software process management within the enterprise. Lenovo Process Management Process Manager Li Bin said: "It is not a simple process modeling, it is a business process modeling."
Li Bin of this feeling stems from its BPM practice. In 2004, Lenovo's business model has undergone great changes. Over the past 10 years, the association is good at stock-based production model, Lenovo's entire value chain and supply chain are all built around this model.
But with the changing market situation, Lenovo last year to maintain while inventory-based mode of production, decided to establish a new mode of production - for the government, big business, industry, users and other high-end customers based on the client model. In this mode, the association must first find a large customer, access to large customer orders, and to organize production. This new model and the difference between the original model in the entire supply chain and organizational structure, and the subsequent maintenance of customer relations, order acquisition, production organization, raw material procurement, department settings, such as employee performance evaluation process, and the original model has a big difference. This new model should be all the business processes designed, it is a huge task. Lenovo uses process management methodology, so this has been done quite easily.
Let Li Bin is satisfied that this model can be layered on the process management. "Take the company's top supply chain process, the down can be divided into supply chain planning, procurement, manufacturing, production process; which procurement can be divided down into sub-strategic procurement, general procurement; procurement can be divided into under purchase orders and purchase storage test payments. entire business process is a layer of layer, and finally breaks down to the concrete operational level employees. and then we then process into the operational level of IT systems, the formation of System Requirements " .
It was on the management of this process, Lenovo designed the new model in place the basic smoothly. Currently, the Department of Design by the process management process has been in the association out of the actual operations and work well into reality.
Process management in the field of domestic senior experts Hu Jian-hua pointed out that such "improved" type of process management methods and aircraft design in the CAD software are very similar. Boeing, Airbus designers in the design will be the first in the computer design digital models of new aircraft, and any part of the aircraft and any components from different angles to optimize. "Thus, when the aircraft came out, certainly better than just an aircraft designed by drawing much better."
BPM prototype theory is to help companies from the financial, business, human resources, information flow, supply chain angle to establish their own process, which is equivalent to starting a digital business model built. The number of centrally managed through a database model between the different processes are interrelated, through the links of this system, managers of the business process understanding of style than separated by paper or VISIO charts go much deeper.
In addition, the company can use BPM to establish a business model release to the internal network, so that each process on the staff in the process before the actual optimization, understand their location and the relationship between upstream and downstream with the flow. This visual image of the business model can attract more staff to participate in the process of optimization will help to avoid the idealized process and the conflict between the reality.
Through this process design, the company again configured ERP package, no doubt with the actual situation of enterprises would be more appropriate. Shougang before in the ERP, combing out process nearly 2000, after the optimization process management software, the really only through the ERP system has more than 200 processes. Qiang Wei Shougang CIO said: "BPM ERP guiding ideology of control of the process, the success of on-line system is very helpful."
Shaking like a revolution with different BPR, BPM is the importance of deep understanding of business processes and the different linkages between business processes, to the perspective from the systematic observation of the entire enterprise, go step by step improvement of the road.
Optimization does not end
Aware of the importance of enterprise business process management are not the only Siemens, Lenovo and Shougang and other enterprises, in order to optimize business processes, Haier Group, and the suspension of 14 are preparing to carry out information technology projects, re-level the company's core business processes to sort out , introduced a new business process model.
As far as possible in one step with the demands of different BPR, BPM focuses on continuous optimization. Generally speaking, BPM is divided into four stages: the first stage is to identify needs, clearly define customer needs, thereby beginning the basic process of business planning; the second phase of the enterprise based on their own resources, the design of future actual operation of the business process; s Third stage is strictly implement the process, and processes management; fourth stage is the process of restructuring, during which Dangke Hu demand Fashengbianhua Huo Enterprise Resource Peizhi own the change occurred Genben O'clock, Yuanyou process no longer applicable, identifies new business needs , a new round of process adjustment. The continuous optimization of the process constitutes a continuous improvement process of the closed-loop system of business processes. Emphasis on process optimization, so BPM has always been throughout the entire business operation to evolve into a long and continuous process.
BPM business processes that truly drive the implementation of information and development of the practice of philosophy, but also to promote the traditional CIO role changes. In the future, CIO's role in the enterprise will gradually from the simple charge more for information on business processes. Therefore, CIO's career will be an extra option - CPO (chief process officer) or CPIO (Chief Process Innovation Officer).
Evolution of Business Process Management Thought
The last century, Taylor began on the Business Process Optimization Management. At that time, research has focused on specific processes to improve efficiency. On this basis, Ford created the assembly line mode of operation. The late 80s early 90s, Hammer and so on the Business Process Reengineering (BPR) theory, which is used to guide the general principles of management of change process. However, the actual implementation of the project BPR up to 70% failure rate prompted to reflect on the theory itself. And the theory of concurrent BPR business process improvement were (BPI), total quality management (TQM), 6 Sigma, etc.. The last century, the late 90's early in this century, process management (BPM) mature thinking. With the increasing relevance of BPM technology, some people think, BPM product development will determine the next 50 years in IT application in business management trends.
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